Ho hlophisoa ha oli le khase hantle ho eketsa mekhoa ea tlhahiso

Theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea oli le khase ke mohato oa tekheniki oa ho ntlafatsa matla a tlhahiso ea liliba tsa oli (ho kenyeletsoa liliba tsa khase) le matla a ho monya metsi a liliba tsa ente ea metsi. Mekhoa e sebelisoang ka tloaelo e kenyelletsa kalafo ea hydraulic fracturing le acidification, ntle le ho phatloha ha likoti, kalafo ea solvent, joalo-joalo.

1) Ts'ebetso ea hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing e kenyelletsa ho kenya mokelikeli o phatlohileng o nang le viscosity e phahameng ka har'a seliba ka molumo o moholo o fetang matla a ho monya a sebopeho, ka hona ho eketsa khatello ea lesoba le tlase le ho pshatla sebopeho. Ka ente e tsoelang pele ea mokelikeli oa fracturing, fractures e fetela ka hare ho sebopeho. Palo e itseng ea proppant (haholo-holo lehlabathe) e tlameha ho kenngoa ka har'a metsi a fracturing ho thibela ho robeha ho koala ka mor'a hore pompo e emisoe. Li-fractures tse tletseng li-proppant li fetola mokhoa oa ho phalla oa oli le khase ha li thehoa, li eketsa sebaka sa seepage, li fokotsa ho hanyetsa ho phalla, le ho etsa habeli tlhahiso ea seliba sa oli. "Shale gas", e tsebahalang haholo indastering ea oli ea lefats'e haufinyane tjena, e rua molemo ho nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea theknoloji ea hydraulic fracturing!

2) Kalafo ea acidification ea seliba sa oli

Phekolo ea acidification ea seliba sa oli e arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: kalafo ea hydrochloric acid bakeng sa libopeho tsa majoe a carbonate le kalafo ea asiti ea mobu bakeng sa libopeho tsa lejoe la lehlabathe. Hangata e tsejoa e le acidification.

►Hydrochloric acid kalafo ea carbonate rock formations: Majoe a carbonate a kang limestone le dolomite a itšoara ka hydrochloric acid ho hlahisa calcium chloride kapa magnesium chloride e qhibilihang habonolo metsing, e leng ho eketsang ho phunyeha ha sebopeho le ho ntlafatsa ka katleho matla a tlhahiso ea liliba tsa oli. . Tlas'a maemo a mocheso oa sebopeho, hydrochloric acid e arabela ka potlako haholo ka majoe, 'me boholo ba eona e jeoa haufi le tlaase ho seliba' me e sitoa ho kenella ka hare ho lera la oli, e amang phello ea acidification.

►Kalafo ea asiti ea mobu ea sebopeho sa sandstone: Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa liminerale tsa sandstone ke quartz le feldspar. Lisamente hangata ke li-silicates (joalo ka letsopa) le carbonates, tseo ka bobeli li qhibilihang ka hydrofluoric acid. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a karabelo pakeng tsa hydrofluoric acid le carbonates, ho tla ba le pula ea calcium fluoride, e sa lokelang ho hlahisa liliba tsa oli le khase. Ka kakaretso, sandstone e phekoloa ka 8-12% hydrochloric acid hammoho le 2-4% ea hydrofluoric acid e kopantsoeng le asiti ea mobu ho qoba pula ea calcium fluoride. Motsoako oa asiti ea hydrofluoric mobung ha oa lokela ho ba holimo haholo ho qoba ho senya sebopeho sa lejoe la lehlabathe le ho baka likotsi tsa tlhahiso ea lehlabathe. E le ho thibela karabelo e mpe pakeng tsa khalsiamo le magnesium ion ka sebopeho le hydrofluoric acid le mabaka a mang, sebopeho lokela ho pretreated le hydrochloric acid pele ente mobu acid e. Mokhahlelo oa kalafo pele o lokela ho ba kholo ho feta mofuta oa kalafo ea asiti ea mobu. Theknoloji ea authigenic acid acid e entsoe lilemong tsa morao tjena. Methyl formate le ammonium fluoride li sebelisetsoa ho itšoara ka mokhoa oa ho hlahisa hydrofluoric acid, e sebetsang ka hare ho mocheso o phahameng oa oli ka lilibeng tse tebileng ho ntlafatsa phello ea phekolo ea acid. Ka tsela eo ho ntlafatsa matla a tlhahiso ea liliba tsa oli.