Lisebelisoa tsa Bohlokoa tsa Downhole: Tataiso e Felletseng ea ho Hlophisa le ho Sebelisa Li-Roller Cone Bits le Li-Taemane Bits

Mesebetsing ea ho cheka oli, drill bit ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa ho pshatla lefika, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e ama ka ho toba katleho ea ho cheka le litšenyehelo. Ha e tobane le maemo a rarahaneng le a feto-fetohang a ho thehoa, ho khetha li-roller cone bits le daemane bits ka nepo e se e le mosebetsi oa bohlokoa bakeng sa baenjiniere ba ho cheka.

01 Li-Roller Cone Bits: Lisebelisoa tse Tenyetsehang tse Ikamahanyang le Libopeho

Ho tloha ha li hlahisoa ka 1909, li-bit tsa li-roller cone e se e le mofuta oa li-bit tse sebelisoang haholo ho chekeng ka rotary. Sebopeho sa tsona se ikhethang sa li-multi·cone se li lumella ho ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng a ho thehoa ho tloha ho bonolo ho isa ho thata haholo.

Sebopeho le Theknoloji ea Bohlokoa

Karolo ea khoune ea roller e na le likarolo tse hlano tse kholo:

· Mmele oa karoloana: Maoto a mararo a khoune a kopantsoe hammoho, ka khoele ea khokahano holimo.

· Likhoune: Mebele ea tšepe e tenyetsehang e nang le meno a sitsitsoeng kapa li-insert tsa tungsten carbide (TCI) holim'a metsi.

· Sistimi ea ho bea: E kenyelletsa lihlopha tse 'ne tsa li-bearning: tse kholo, tse mahareng, tse nyane le tse sutumelletsang.

· Li-nozzle: Hangata li-nozzle tse 3·4 tse nang le bophara ba 7·14 mm.

· Sistimi ea ho tlotsa le ho tiisa: Litiiso tsa rabara kapa tsa tšepe tse kopantsoeng le sesebelisoa sa puseletso ea khatello.

Theknoloji ea tiiso ea ho bea ke katleho ea bohlokoa likotong tsa li-roller cone. Likotoana tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisa sistimi ea ho tlotsa e lefelloang ke khatello·e bolokang botsitso bo matla lipakeng tsa khatello ea lubricant ka kamoreng ea ho bearth le khatello ea kholomo ea mokelikeli oa ho phunya ka har'a tsela ea phetisetso ea khatello, lera la puseletso ea khatello le kopi ea lubricant.

Sistimi ea Tlhophiso le Khoutu ea IADC

Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Bakonteraka ba ho Cheka (IADC) o thehile maemo a lefats'e bakeng sa ho arola li-roller cone bits ka lihlopha, ho sebelisoa sistimi ea khoutu ea linomoro tse tharo:

· Palo ea pele: Mofuta oa leino le sebopeho se sebetsang

· 1: Leino le sitsitsoeng, sebopeho se bonolo

· 2: Leino le sitsitsoeng, le mahareng ho isa bohareng · sebopeho se thata

· 3: Leino le sitsitsoeng, le thata, le nang le sebopeho se khorofo

· 5: TCI, sebopeho se bonolo ho isa bohareng

· 6: TCI, sebopeho se mahareng · se thata

· 7: TCI, sebopeho se thata, se khorofo

· 8: TCI, sebopeho se thata haholo, se nang le mahlahahlaha a mangata

· Palo ea bobeli: Ho fokotsa boima ba sebopeho (1·4, palo e kholoanyane e bontša sebopeho se thata)

· Dinomoro tsa boraro: Dikarolo tsa sebopeho sa bit

· 4: Bearing e koetsoeng e kobehileng

· 6: Bearing e koetsoeng ea bukana

· 7: Tšireletso ea bearing ea buka e koetsoeng + gauge e nang le TCI

· 8: Karolo ea ho qala bakeng sa liliba tse tataisang

Sistimi e Nolofalitsoeng ea ho Hlophisa IADC bakeng sa Li-Roller Cone Bits

Mokhoa oa ho Pshatla Lefika le Litšobotsi tsa Motsamao

Ha karolo ea roller cone e sebetsa, e bontša metsamao e meraro e kopaneng:

· Phetoho: Dikhoune di potoloha ka ho ya ka watjhe le mmele wa karolo.

· Ho potoloha: Meno a potoloha ka lehlakoreng le leng ho potoloha mothapo oa khoune.

· Ho thella: Ho kenyeletsa ho thella ha radial le tangential.

Motsamao ona o kopaneng o hlahisa phello e habeli ea ho roba lefika:

1. Ho sithabela ha meno: Ho kopana ha meno a le mong le a mabeli ho baka ho thothomela ho otlolohileng, ho hlahisang mojaro oa ho thothomela.

2. Ho seha ha ho kuta: Ho fihlelletswe ka ho leketlisa hodima lerako, ho fokotsa le ho etsa dikhoune tse ngata, ho nolofalletsa ho kuta mafika.

Leano la Khetho ea Li-Bit le ho Tšoantša Sebopeho

Melao-motheo ea motheo ea ho khetha likarolo tsa li-roller cone ho latela thepa ea lefika:

· Dibopeho tse bonolo: Khetha dikoto tse nang le moralo wa offset, overhang, le multi-cone; tse nang le meno a malelele, a sephara, a silwang a nang le sebaka se seholo kapa TCI.

· Mekgwa e mahareng e thata: Fokotsa boleng ba ho fokotsa, ho leketla, le ho ba le dikhoune tse ngata; sebedisa meno a makgutshwane, a masesaane, a nang le sebaka se haufi.

· Dibopeho tse thata le tse kgohlang: Sebedisa sebopeho sa khoune e le nngwe, ha ho na overhang, ha ho na offset; hlomella ka TCI e chitja kapa e kobehileng.

· Mekgwa e sekametseng masoba a kobehileng: Khetha dikotwana tsa meno a makgutshwane tse nang le tshireletso e nyane kapa e se nang ya offset le e se nang gauge, mme o kgethe e bonolo hanyane ho feta mekgwa ya sebele.

· Dibopeho tse bonolo tse kopaneng: Kgetha biti ho latela lefika le thata, mme o fetole diparamitha tsa ho tjheka ka tsela e fetohang.

Likarabo tsa maemo a khethehileng:

· Masoba a masesaane (<177 mm): Sebelisa likotoana tsa khoune e le 'ngoe, tse nang le likhoune tse kholoanyane, meno le li-bearing bakeng sa matla a phahameng.

· Ho phunya ka tsela e tataisang: Khetha dikotwana tse nang le dinomoro tsa boraro tsa IADC 8 (dikotwana tse inehetseng tsa ho qala).

02 Likotoana tsa Taemane: Sesebelisoa sa ho Qetela bakeng sa Libopeho tse Thata

Taemane e na le bothata bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ba tlhaho (bothata ba Mohs 10, matla a ho hatella ho fihlela ho 8800 MPa, khanyetso ea ho tsofala ka makhetlo a 9000 ho feta tšepe). Likotoana tsa taemane li sebelisa thepa ena ho ba sebetsa se seholo sa ho sebetsana le libopeho tse thata.

Tlhophiso le Tsoelo-pele ea Theknoloji

Likotoana tsa daemane tsa sejoale-joale li arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro haholo-holo:

1. Dikotwana tsa taemane tse setetsweng hodima bokahodimo

· Likaroloana tsa taemane tse pepesitsoeng holim'a moqhaka.

· E loketse bakeng sa dibopeho tse mahareng ho isa ho tse thata.

· Ho lekanya boholo ba taemane:

· Libopeho tse bonolo: majoe a 2/carat (bophara ba hoo e ka bang 4 mm)

· Libopeho tse thata tse mahareng: majoe a 3-4/carat (hoo e ka bang 3.6 mm)

· Libopeho tse thata: majoe a 10‑15/carat (hoo e ka bang 2.0 mm)

2. Dikotwana tsa taemane tse kentsweng

· Litaemane tse kenelletseng ka har'a matrix (majoe a 60‑400/carat).

· E loketse dibopeho tse thata haholo le tse kgohlang (chert, siliceous dolomite, jj.).

· Ho itlhokomela ho fihlellehang ka ho senyeha ha matrix.

3. Dikotoana tsa PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)

· E hlahisitsoe ka lekhetlo la pele ke General Electric ka 1973.

· Sebopeho sa seha: lera la taemane + substrate ea tungsten carbide.

· Libopeho tse sebetsang: libopeho tse bonolo ho isa ho tse mahareng tse thata tse ts'oanang.

Liparamente tsa Sebopeho le Moralo oa Bohlokoa

Likotoana tsa taemane li na le 'mele o kopaneng o se nang likarolo tse tsamaeang, haholo-holo tse nang le:

· 'Mele oa tšepe: Tšepe ea khabone e mahareng, e nang le khoele e ka holimo.

· Matrix: Phofo ea khabone ea tungsten + tšepe ea binder e thehiloeng koporong, boima ba HRC 30‑45.

· Dikarolo tsa ho seha: Ditaemane tsa tlhaho/tsa maiketsetso kapa disehi tsa PDC.

· Moralo oa haeteroliki: Li-nozzle, litsela tsa metsi (radial, spiral, jj.).

Liparamente tsa bohlokoa tsa moralo:

· Ho teteana ha taemane: Fetola ho latela sebopeho sa ho teteana – ho teteana ho hoholo bakeng sa ho teteana ho hoholo.

· Bophahamo ba ho pepesehela:

· Libopeho tse bonolo: 1/3 ea bophara ba daemane

· Libopeho tse thata: 1/6‑1/10 ea bophara ba daemane

· Sebopeho sa moqhaka: Se bataletseng (libopeho tse ts'oanang), se chitja (libopeho tse thata), se nang le meno (libopeho tse khorofo).

Mokhoa oa ho Pshatla Mafika le Karabelo ea Sebopeho

Mokhoa oa ho roba mafika oa likotoana tsa daemane o fetoha ka litšobotsi tsa ho thehoa:

· Libopeho tsa polasetiki (majoe a seretse, gypsum, jj.) – Ho tšoana le mokhoa oa "ho lema"; litaemane li kenella 'me li baka phallo ea polasetiki lefikeng.

· Meralo e menyenyane (lejoe la lehlabathe la quartz, jj.) – E hlahisa dikoti tse silang ka bongata; boholo ba dikotwana bo feta ponahalo ya daemane ka makgetlo a 2-4, e sebetsa hantle haholo.

· Majoe a thata (chert, lejoe la siliceous) – Sebelisa likotoana tse kentsweng; ho robeha ho etsoa ka ho seha le ho ngoapa ka micro-cut, ho tšoana le ho sila ka lebili.

Melemo le Meeli ea Li-PDC Bits

Jwalo ka sehlahiswa se phetohelang ka hara lelapa la di-bit tsa daemane, di-bit tsa PDC di na le melemo e ikgethang:

Likarolo tsa sebopeho:

· Karolo ea PDC ea 'mele oa tšepe: Tšepe e mahareng ea khabone e le 'ngoe, e thatafalitsoe holim'a bokaholimo.

· Karolo ea PDC ea 'mele oa matrix: 'Mele oa tšepe e ka holimo + matrix ea carbide ea tungsten e ka tlase - ts'ebetso e betere.

Moralo oa profil:

· Parabolic: Libopeho tse bonolo, litšoantšo tse phahameng, ROP e phahameng.

· Selika: Se loketse ho tjheka tafole e potolohang, se thusa ho kenella dikoung tse thata.

· Khoune: Ho tjheka ka lebelo le phahameng, ho kenella hantle.

Meeli:

· Ha e a lokela libethe tsa lehlohlojane kapa libopeho tse bonolo tse kopaneng.

· Tekanyetso ea mocheso (ka holimo ho 350°C ea potlaka; matla a 700°C aa hloleha).

· Ho hanyetsa ka matla a fokolang; disehi tse ntjha di sekamela ho kgaoleng mathoko.

Papiso ea Tšebeliso ea Diamond Bit ka Sebopeho

03 Tataiso ea Khetho ea Saense: Sebopeho se Tšoanang le Litlhoko tsa Ts'ebetso

Melao ea Khauta bakeng sa Khetho ea Li-Bit tsa Roller Cone

1. Ho bapisa thatafalo ea sebopeho

· Libopeho tse bonolo: khetha likotoana tse nang le meno a holimo a ho fokotsa, a hokelang, a nang le likhoune tse ngata, le a bōpehileng joaloka wedge kapa a nang le sebopeho sa scoop.

· Metsoako e thata: sebelisa khoune e le 'ngoe, ha e na ho fapana, le meno a chitja kapa a khoune.

2. Ho sebetsana le ho khohlela

· Bakeng sa dibopeho tse kgopameng, kgetha di-bit tsa TCI tse nang le tshireletso ya gauge.

· Haeba meno a mola o ka ntle a chitja ha meno a ka hare a sa tsofala hakaalo, eketsa tšireletso ea gauge karolong e latelang.

3. Likarabo tsa maemo a khethehileng

· Mekgwa e sekametseng masoba a kobehileng: kgetha dikotwana tsa meno a makgutshwane tse nang le metswako e menyenyane kapa tse se nang metswako; kgetha e bonolo hanyane ho feta metswako ya sebele.

· Mealo e kopaneng e bonolo le e thata: kgetha biti ho latela lefika le thata, lokisa diparamitha ka tsela e fetohang.

· Likarolo tse tebileng: khetha likarolo tse nang le video e ngata ho lefella tahlehelo ea nako e khopiloeng.

Leano la ho Khetha Dikotwana tsa Taemane

1. Nako ea ho sebelisa li-bits tsa PDC

· Tšebeliso e ntle ka ho fetisisa: libopeho tse telele tse tšoanang tse bonolo ho isa ho tse mahareng tse thata (shale, seretse, gypsum, jj.).

· Ditshebediso tse thibetsweng: dibethe tsa lehlohlojane, di-interlayers tsa chert, dibopeho tse bonolo tse thata tse kopaneng.

· Ho beha diparamente: WOB e tlase (30‑60 kN), RPM e phahameng (100‑300 rpm), sekgahla se phahameng sa phallo.

2. Nako ea ho sebelisa likotoana tsa taemane tsa tlhaho/tsa maiketsetso

· Libopeho tse thata ho isa ho tse thata haholo (granite, lehlabathe la quartz, jj.).

· Meetso e matla haholo (chert, siliceous dolomite).

· Ho cheka turbo, liliba tse tebileng le tse tebileng haholo, mesebetsi ea ho koalla.

3. Litlhoko tse ikhethang bakeng sa li-coring bits

· Likotoana tsa coring tsa roller cone: moralo oa likhoune tse 'ne (tse kobehileng/tse silindara) kapa tse tšeletseng (tse tletseng moqomo).

· Likotoana tsa daemane: li-cutter li lokela ho hlophisoa ka tsela e lekanang ka ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ho sa fetoheng.

· Sesupo sa senotlolo: mokoti o ka hare o nang le bophara ba kantle ho qoba mokoti o elliptical.

Tlhahlobo le Tlhokomelo ea Anomaly ea Downhole

Ho khetholla maemo a ts'ebetso ea li-roller cone bit:

· Ho hloleha ha bere: Tafole e potolohang e tlola, e mpefala tlas'a WOB e phahameng, ho theoha ha ROP empa khatello ea pompo e tloaelehile.

· Khoune e lahlehileng: Phetoho e matla ea torque, sesupo sa boima sea fetoha haholo, bolelele ba khoele boa fetoha ha bo nkuoa.

· Meno a senyehileng a bataletse: Moroalo o fokotsehileng oa tafole e potolohang, ha ho na ho tlola, ho theoha ho matla ha ROP.

Lithibelo tsa tšebeliso ea likotoana tsa taemane:

· Lesoba le ka tlase le lokela ho hlweka pele le kenngwa ka hara lesoba; etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na ditshila tsa tshepe.

· Qala ho phunya ka WOB e bobebe, RPM e tlase bakeng sa "ho phunya" (profiling ea lesoba le ka tlase la 0.5 m).

· Qoba ho kgutlela morao; haeba ho hlokahala, etsa ka WOB e bobebe, RPM e tlase, le tshebetso e tsitsitseng.

04 Mekhoa ea Sejoale-joale le Lintlha tsa Boitlhakiso ba Tšimo

Litaelo tsa boqapi ba theknoloji

Theknoloji ea ho cheka jete e nang le khatello e phahameng:

· E sebelisa li-jet tse nang le khatello e phahameng haholo (150‑200 MPa) ho thusa ho pshatla mafika.

· Di-intensifiers tsa downhole ke tsepamiso ya maikutlo ya R&D; diteko di bontsha hore ROP e ka eketseha ka makgetlo a 3‑5.

· Liphephetso tsa tekheniki li kenyelletsa ho koala le ho fetisetsa khatello e phahameng haholo.

Mekhoa ea li-bit tse bohlale:

· Li-sensor tse kentsoeng li hlahloba boemo ba bit ka nako ea sebele.

· Phetoho e ikamahanyang le maemo ea liparamente tsa ho seha ho tsamaisana le liphetoho tsa sebopeho.

· Tlhahlobo ea data e kholo ho ntlafatsa khetho ea li-bit le ho bolela esale pele bophelo ba tšebeletso.

Melao ea Khauta Tšimong

1. Ho etsa qeto ea hore na u tla ntša neng ka lesobeng

· Ho fokotseha ha ROP ho sa khaotseng (ka sebopeho se ts'oanang).

· Ho theoha ha ROP ka tšohanyetso ka mehato e sa sebetseng ea tokiso (phetoho ea sebopeho).

· Keketseho e matla ea torque e tsamaeang le ho theoha ha ROP (tšenyo ea bit).

· Ho theoha ha khatello ea pompo ka tšohanyetso (nozzle e lahlehileng kapa khoele ea ho phunya e hlatsoitsoeng).

2. Mehato ea ho lelefatsa bophelo ba li-bit

· Sebelisa karolo e ncha ka WOB e bobebe le RPM e tlase ho kena.

· Sebelisa sesebelisoa se sireletsang hanyane (sesebelisoa se thibelang ho tlola).

· Maeto a makgutshwane a nako le nako ho ya tlosa ditshila tsa lesoba le ka tlase.

· Qoba ho potoloha ho feteletseng tlase.

3. Tlhahlobo ea moruo

· Bala litšenyehelo ka mithara = (litšenyehelo tsa hanyane + litšenyehelo tsa nako ea ho cheka) / karolo ea video.

· Leha di-bit tsa PDC di na le ditjeo tse hodimo tsa yuniti, dibopehong tse loketseng, bit e le nngwe ya PDC e ka phunya di-footage tse fetang di-bit tsa roller cone ka makgetlo a 3-5.

· Likarolong tse tebileng, beha pele likarolo tse nang le video e ngata ho lefella tahlehelo ea nako e khopiloeng.

Khetho ea biti ke theknoloji e nepahetseng e kopanyang khopolo-taba ea saense le phihlelo ea tšimo. Li-bit tsa roller cone, ka ho tenyetseha ha tsona ho pharaletseng, e ntse e le mofuta oa biti o tloaelehileng haholo kajeno. Li-bit tsa daemane, haholo-holo li-bit tsa PDC, li bontša bokhoni bo ke keng ba bapisoa libopehong tse itseng.

Ho tseba tsamaiso ea ho arola ea IADC, ho utloisisa mekhoa ea ho roba majoe ea li-bit tse fapaneng, le ho lekola ka botlalo lithology, tlhophiso ea wellbore le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ho tla fihlella ho lumellana ho phethahetseng pakeng tsa bit le sebopeho. Ka ts'ebeliso ea li-sensor tsa downhole, analytics ea data e kholo le bohlale ba maiketsetso, khetho ea bit e fetoha ho tloha liqetong tse thehiloeng phihlelong ho ea ho ho bapisa ka nepo ka bohlale, e ntse e khanna lintlafatso tse nchafalitsoeng katlehong ea ho cheka.

Ikopanye le rona: Jessie Zhou

Selefouno/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com